WASHINGTON — The government prepared yesterday to move the first batch of bailout money to banks as world markets plunged again. Wall Street dropped at the closing bell, sending the Dow Jones industrials to their lowest close since the financial meltdown began.

The Treasury Department said it would start moving $125 billion to nine major banks this week by buying ownership stakes, the first big transfer since the $700 billion bailout package was passed early this month.

Assistant Treasury Secretary David Nason said the infusion would go to the largest banks in the nation, including Bank of America, Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase and Wells Fargo.

A group of smaller but significant regional banks, including Capital One Financial and SunTrust Banks, began announcing their own preliminary deals with Treasury for another $125 billion.

The Fed also began a major program to buy up the short-term debt, known as commercial paper, that businesses use to pay for everyday expenses and salaries. Lending, the lifeblood of the economy, froze up after the collapse of investment house Lehman Brothers in mid-September and has thawed slowly since.

On Wall Street, buying and selling that was halfhearted by the standards of the past month had major averages drifting higher and lower throughout the day. Then stocks plunged in the final 10 minutes of trading.

The Dow Jones industrials finished the day down 203 points, or 2.4 percent, closing at the 8,176 level — their lowest close of the year. It was the 28th time in the 31 trading sessions since the financial meltdown began that the Dow has moved triple digits for the day.

But the carnage was worse elsewhere on another day when investors worried about a looming worldwide recession. Major stock markets in Britain, France and Germany dropped sharply earlier in the day.

The Fed was expected to make an even more dramatic move later this week by cutting interest rates, perhaps lowering the key federal funds rate by as much as a half-point, driving the federal funds rate down to 1 percent.

The question is whether all the efforts, including billions of dollars of loans to banks by the Fed and other central banks around the world, will be enough to get lending going again.

So far, it hasn't helped much. A closely watched measure that tracks what banks charge each other for loans, edged down marginally yesterday, suggesting credit is a bit looser than a few weeks ago but remains tight.

"All these efforts are doing some good, but the question is whether they will do enough," said David Wyss, chief economist for Standard & Poor's in New York. "The credit markets are still pretty locked up."

Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and other Treasury officials are also considering a round of requests for help from other industries, including big insurance companies, automakers and foreign-controlled banks.

Presidential press secretary Dana Perino said yesterday that the financing arms of the automakers might be eligible for federal help. She said the Bush administration was also working to release $25 billion in loans approved by Congress last month to bolster the beleaguered auto sector by providing support for carmakers to develop new energy-efficient vehicles.

The original idea behind the bailout was to buy up bad mortgage-related debt off the books of banks, but only $100 billion has been set aside to do that this year. The government announced plans Oct. 14 to buy direct stakes in the banks.

In return for its infusion of new money to bolster bank balance sheets, Treasury will get preferred shares paying a 5 percent return initially and warrants to purchase common shares, allowing taxpayers to benefit once the banks recover. However, Treasury does not get any voting rights with its ownership stake and will not be able to have a say in choosing the bank's board of directors.

Treasury has also given the go-ahead for stronger banks to use the money it receives in the rescue program to acquire weaker banks, drawing criticism from those who say the government should not be financing the consolidation of the banking system.