I first met Danny Pearl 10 years ago, in a very different world.

It was different in part because it was Tehran, the capital of Iran, where women were covered from head to toe and men could be seen on the streets wearing turbans and robes. Secret police asked us questions in hotel rooms, dissidents were reluctant to speak to us and giant posters of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini stared down on us from walls all around the city.

But it was also different because, unlike today, things actually seemed to be getting better all over the region.

We both had arrived — Danny from London, I from Jerusalem — to cover the May 1997 presidential election in which reformer Mohammad Khatami came from behind to beat the supposed shoo-in candidate of the ruling clerics. Almost two decades after the Islamic Revolution, it was a time of almost giddy excitement.

Danny was working for The Wall Street Journal, and I was there as a correspondent for Newsday. We shared a translator all week. Each evening after work, we went to our translator's house, where she immediately peeled off her abaya — the heavy, gray body covering she was required to wear over her street clothes. Her father played the guitar. Danny and I talked Middle East politics, and although both of us were cautious and a bit skeptical, it was hard not to feel that something extraordinary was happening in that part of the world.

In Jerusalem, where I was stationed, a peace process was under way after nearly 50 years of war, and several Arab countries were seriously considering upgrading their relations with their longtime Zionist enemy. Lebanon, after 15 years of civil war, was beginning to rebuild under Prime Minister Rafik Hariri. Persian Gulf countries talked of enfranchising women.

A few days ago, I saw "A Mighty Heart," the new film about Danny's life and death, and I was struck, not for the first time, by how dramatically — and tragically — that has changed. Iran is back at the top of America's enemies list — and not only is it aggressively cracking down on internal dissent, it is apparently fast becoming a nuclear power. A meaningful peace between Arabs and Jews seems inconceivable, at least for now, in the wake of the Hamas takeover in Gaza in June. War and chaos have returned to Lebanon. Danny, of course, is dead, too, having been captured, forced to confess his Jewishness before a video camera and, ultimately, beheaded by Islamic militants in Pakistan.

I also was reminded of how, in the months after Danny's death, people continually asked me how he got himself into such a horrible mess. What would possess an American Jew to go to an after-hours meeting in Karachi, Pakistan, with an obviously hostile and possibly dangerous fundamentalist leader?

But I understand why Danny went. The reality was that while the world was changing around him, he didn't quite recognize it. The Sept. 11 attacks, only four months before Danny disappeared, indeed had transformed things — for reporters, for Americans — but it took awhile to realize that. Danny was behaving as we all had behaved in the region for years. We hadn't felt terribly threatened.

Before 9/11, the groups that Americans considered "terrorist" were wising up: They had young, U.S.-educated spokespeople who were reaching out to the media, speaking our language. Hezbollah's media spokesman had lived in the United States, where he wrote his doctoral thesis on Edgar Allan Poe. Hamas political leaders would invite us into their living rooms and hint seriously at support for a two-state solution.

Sure, there were killers and rejectionists and crazies, like the old Shiite mullah I met in the Bekaa Valley in Lebanon who told me that he never had met a Jew but that, if he did, he would know it instantly and kill him; and the young Jihadi I met in Peshawar, Pakistan, who told me virtually the same thing. We knew that all was not well in the Muslim world, but it felt like such people were on the fringes, not in the ascendancy.

As Jews in the Muslim world, Danny and I were careful. I wrote "Christian" in the box marked "religion" on my visa applications. I carried two passports so border-control officials would not know I had ever set foot in Israel. But I hoped that soon such precautions would not be necessary.

After 9/11, though, things swung in the other direction, and the progress that had seemed slow but somehow inevitable came to a halt. Danny was killed. Correspondents in Baghdad were taken hostage, and even now reporters' movements are restricted. When I traveled to the region late last year, I arrived during a week when I was told it was simply too dangerous to visit Gaza.

Perhaps we were naive. Perhaps I should have taken the old, bearded men more seriously when they said they wanted to kill Jews. What's clear, though, is that extremism has more sway now than it ever had in the 1990s, thanks not only to the successes of al-Qaida but to American policies that have radicalized and inflamed the Muslim public. What moral standing we had in the region after 9/11 was squandered in the prison cells of Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo Bay.

Danny and I spent another week together, about a year after our Iran trip. We were in Kuwait, waiting for visas to Iraq. It was 1998. U.N. weapons inspectors were being barred from Iraq, President Clinton was demanding their return and U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan was trying to cut a deal. Without visas, we had nothing to do so we took a trip to the Iraq-Kuwait border.

I remember seeing the fences, the towers and the machine guns as we looked across the border into Iraq. Danny talked about how much he wanted to get married. We talked about Saddam Hussein on the bus ride back and whether he was or wasn't a man you could do business with.

A couple days later, Danny got a visa and left. He got married the following year and remained abroad. But I never saw him again.

Nicholas Goldberg is editor of the Los Angeles Times Op-Ed page and Opinion section.