NEW YORK — The outlook for the holiday shopping season grew murkier yesterday as the nation's big retailers reported September sales figures that revealed consumers' growing anxiety about the economy.

Americans struggling with higher gasoline prices and the economic fallout from Hurricane Katrina shopped for basics at discounters, and so retailers, including Wal-Mart Stores Inc., had a solid month. But they avoided spending on nonessential items, leaving many mall-based apparel stores disappointed, including Gap Inc., Ann Taylor Corp. and Talbots Inc.

The question now is how generous will shoppers be during the holiday season.

"Uncertainty is always bad for retailers," said Michael P. Niemira, chief economist at The International Council of Shopping Centers. "And that uncertainty did not vanish with today's reports. We have the same worries about gasoline prices, home heating and the sustainability of consumer demand."

Niemira added that the only certainty is that the broad story hasn't changed — teen retailers and high-end stores continue to do generally well.

The International Council of Shopping Centers-UBS sales tally of 70 retailers increased a better-than-expected 4 percent in September, about the same pace merchants have seen all year, but Niemira warned that the sales figures don't tell the whole story. The tally is based on same-store sales, or sales at stores open at least a year.

"Overall, the numbers look OK on the surface, but they mask a lot of the story line, and the story line is probably not as positive as the numbers look," he said. "It is a very mixed reading."

Richard Hastings, senior retail analyst at Bernard Sands LLC, expects that this holiday season will be the most heavily discounted since 2002.

"We are starting to see some cooling off of the overall consumer attitude. And that is occurring when the weather has been so bad," he said.

Clearly, consumers had much to deal with in September.

Consumers who were already juggling their budgets because of the higher cost of gasoline had to contend last month with prices that soared past $3 a gallon.

And the two hurricanes, particularly Katrina, have led to hundreds of thousands of job losses, making people nationwide uneasy about the economy.

The adverse economic effects of the Gulf Coast hurricanes were evident in yesterday's report from the Labor Department, which said the number of people thrown out of work from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita rose to 363,000 last week.

It reported that an additional 74,000 hurricane-related claims for unemployment benefits were filed last week, up from 70,000 the previous week.

The hurricanes' fallout is expected to be evident in the Labor Department's nonfarm job figures, to be released today. Analysts expect a drop of 172,000 jobs.

Last week, The Conference Board reported that consumer confidence suffered its biggest drop in 15 years in September. There also have been other fresh government data pointing to a slowing economy.

Wal-Mart, which had seen its sales slow amid higher gasoline prices for months, had an easier time in September.

The world's largest retailer had a 3.8 percent increase in same-store sales, matching the consensus forecast of analysts surveyed by Thomson First Call. Total sales rose 9.7 percent.

September's business was boosted by post-hurricane demand for such staples as canned food, water and cleaning supplies and by higher-than-anticipated sales at its Sam's club division because of increased gasoline prices. Many warehouse clubs include gas stations.

Rival Target had a 5.6 percent gain in same-store sales, better than the 4.9 percent estimate. Total sales rose 11.4 percent.

Costco Wholesale Corp. reported an 11 percent increase in same-store sales, helped by the rise in gas prices. Excluding the effects of gas-price inflation, same-store sales would have been up 8 percent. Analysts had expected a 6.7 percent gain. Total sales rose 13 percent.